According to Jobs to be done, by focusing on the “job to be done” we start to worry about the performance of our “products”. But what does this have to do with content marketing?
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I recently came across a fascinating car owner database package theory of project innovation called Jobs to be done . Its creator, Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen, worked hard to understand and explain what the job is that customers “hire” products to do.
But what does this have to do with Content Strategies, which is my area of expertise? Well, content is “product” and, according to Inbound Marketing , the better it works, the more people will be helping them find what they are looking for and achieve their goals. But let’s take it step by step:
What is Jobs to be done ?
This theory complements the “client-centric” approach on which the Inbound Marketing Flywheel concept is based. It involves putting the emphasis on what consumers are trying to achieve and for which they need a product. Understanding a product as software, a soft drink, a food, content or any useful element.
According to Jobs to be done , people don't buy drills, they buy the holes those drills will make. By focusing on the “job to be done” we start to worry about the performance of our “products”.
This shift in perspective seeks to go deeper into understanding why people buy or consume products. Every day we have new challenges, new “jobs to be done.” To accomplish them, we need products that help us complete our work. If your product “does the job” better than any other, you will be hired again. If not, you will be fired.
Therefore, paying attention to the job that a product is supposed to do will help us improve it so that it does its job better than any other and people continue to prefer it. Now, how do we find out what “job” our “product” should do?
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The famous milkshake example
El propio Christensen ilustra su teoría contando el trabajo que hizo con McDonalds. Nadie podría decir que McDonalds es una compañía que no conoce a sus clientes o que su estrategia de marketing no es efectiva. Ese no era el problema. La labor de Christensen y su equipo, era identificar: cómo mejorar un producto específico para aumentar las ventas, en este caso: la malteada, merengada o milkshake.
¿Qué hicieron? Su grupo de investigadores tomó nota exhaustiva de todas las personas que compraron milkshakes, en un período específico de tiempo. A qué hora compraban, si estaban solos o acompañados, cómo se vestían, si la tomaban in situ o la pedían para llevar, si la acompañaban con algo más o la tomaban sola.
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La observación permitió identificar un patrón: alrededor del 60% de las merengadas se vendían antes de las 8 de la mañana, la mayoría de las personas que las compraban eran hombres trajeados de oficina, las pedían para llevar y luego las consumían en sus carros mientras manejaban. Cuando les preguntaron cuál era el “trabajo” que esa merengada estaba llamada a hacer por ellos, los resultados fueron sorprendentes:
Las milkshakes de McDonalds, por su espesor, duran un promedio de 23 minutos en consumirse, lo cual representa parte del tiempo que un ejecutivo u oficinista debe pasar manejando para llegar a su trabajo. Pueden tomarla mientras manejan porque sólo requieren ocupar una mano y, además, los mantiene satisfechos buena parte de la mañana. Básicamente el “trabajo” de la milkshake era “atarlos a la vida” mientras ejecutaban una de las tareas más rutinarias en la historia: manejar a la oficina.
Además, cuando les preguntaron si asignarían ese “trabajo” a algún otro “producto” comentaron que la mayoría de las opciones alternativas eran inconvenientes: un plátano es incómodo de comer al manejar; un bagel debe estar relleno; un sandwich se te puede caer; el café no es espeso ni te quita el hambre.
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Esto significó un cambio drástico de perspectiva:
1. Porque los competidores de este producto dejaron de ser sólo otras malteadas: el mercado se amplió hacia otras opciones.
2. Porque McDonalds enfocó sus esfuerzos en hacer que su producto performara mejor en esa acción específica para la cual sus clientes la estaban contratando.
¿Qué acciones tomaron? La hicieron aún más espesa, para que durara más tiempo. También incluyeron otras mejoras en el tamaño y los sabores, hasta convertirla en la mejor opción matutina para este público específico.
El Jobs to be done de la malteada de las 8 am no era alimentar al cuerpo, ni deleitar el paladar, ni llenar de felicidad al consumidor: su trabajo era hacerles compañía para que los conductores, a su vez, cumplieran con el trabajo de llegar a sus oficinas. Las ventas se dispararon.
The Jobs to be done and the contents
When we start to think of the content assets of a campaign as products that have a job to do, things start to change. When we ask ourselves what job the audience is assigning to our content, it is undeniable that we start to think about whether it is doing it well. Is our blog post, podcast or video doing its job or are they going to be fired for negligence?
The real change of focus of Jobs to be done applied to content is that the purpose of the pieces is decided by the user. Before producing content, we always have a clear strategy on who the buyer persona is and which stage of the buyer's journey the asset corresponds to and the objective we want to achieve with the Call to Action. What Jobs to be done adds is the ulterior purpose, the "why."
This chart can help us state the work:
Jobs-to-be-done
What job should content do?
A content asset in a digital strategy can have as many “jobs” as there are audience members. For some, the job it does may be to educate them on new topics, entertain them, help them pass the time or make a decision.
Let’s take an example. Think about what job you would assign to a piece of content called “random romance movie.”
Let's do the enunciation exercise according to the chart: When I've had a long day, I want to watch a "random romantic movie" so I can entertain myself without thinking too much for a couple of hours . The "job" I'm assigning to that movie is to disconnect my mind. If the movie ends up making me anxious, because of some plot twist, it didn't do its job. You're fired Jennifer Aniston!
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As content marketers , we want our digital products to be bought again and again. That’s why our work with analytics is so important. The data and testing we do on content assets is what will give us insight into whether a product is doing its job or failing dramatically.
When analyzing your buyer persona and reviewing the performance of a campaign's content, include the Jobs to be done perspective to understand what job your content is doing for your readers/audience. But go further.
How Jobs to be done can transform your content
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